Based on the educational evaluation reform, this study explores the construction of an evidence-based value-added evaluation system based on data-driven, aiming to solve the limitations of traditional evaluation methods. The research adopts the method of combining theoretical analysis and practical application, and designs the evidence-based value-added evaluation framework, which includes the core elements of a multi-source heterogeneous data acquisition and processing system, a value-added evaluation agent based on a large model, and an evaluation implementation and application mechanism. Through empirical research verification, the evaluation system has remarkable effects in improving learning participation, promoting ability development, and supporting teaching decision-making, and provides a theoretical reference and practical path for educational evaluation reform in the new era. The research shows that the evidence-based value-added evaluation system based on data-driven can reflect students’ actual progress more fairly and objectively by accurately measuring the difference in starting point and development range of students, and provide strong support for the realization of high-quality education development.