As a fundamental course in science and engineering education at universities, advanced mathematics plays an irreplaceable role in cultivating students’ logical thinking, scientific spirit, and comprehensive qualities. Integrating ideological and political education into advanced mathematics teaching is not only an inevitable requirement for achieving the goal of “three-dimensional and holistic education” but also a crucial path for promoting students’ comprehensive development. This article delves into the necessary logic, practical possibilities, and real-world challenges of ideological and political education in advanced mathematics courses, systematically analyzing the implementation pathways and illustrating practical approaches through specific cases. Meanwhile, to address issues such as insufficient teacher capability, lagging resource development, disconnected instructional design, and inadequate evaluation mechanisms encountered during implementation, this article proposes practical improvement strategies. It aims to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for the further advancement of ideological and political education in advanced mathematics courses.