With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, its application in higher education has gradually shifted from traditional teaching aids to deeper levels of interactive learning and emotional connection support. AI can enhance teaching efficiency, personalized learning, and real-time feedback; however, in areas such as emotional communication and teacher-student interaction, AI still cannot fully replace the role of teachers. This study aims to explore the transformation of teacher-student relationships in the era of AI, analyze the impact of AI technology on teaching interaction, emotional support, and teacher-student trust, and propose strategies to address these challenges. The research findings indicate that while AI has significant advantages in improving educational efficiency, it has limitations in interpersonal emotional support and the transformation of the teacher’s role. To ensure the comprehensiveness and humanization of education, educators should strengthen emotional care and improve students’ emotional literacy in the use of AI, and implement transparent data management and privacy protection measures to enhance teacher-student trust. The study also suggests that by enhancing teacher-student trust, strengthening emotional support, and increasing transparency, educators can effectively address the challenges of teacher-student relationships in the AI era. This research provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the integration of AI technology with educational humanistic care, promoting more comprehensive, personalized, and humane educational development.