With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the teaching mode in the field of education is undergoing profound changes. Especially the design and implementation of personalized learning paths have become an important direction of intelligent teaching reform. The traditional “one-size-fits-all” teaching model has gradually failed to meet the individualized learning needs of students. However, through the advantages of data analysis and real-time feedback, AI technology can provide tailor-made teaching content and learning paths based on students’ learning progress, interests, and abilities. This study explores the innovation of the personalized learning path model based on AI technology, and analyzes the potential and challenges of this model in improving teaching effectiveness, promoting the all-round development of students, and optimizing the interaction between teachers and students. Through case analysis and empirical research, this paper summarizes the implementation methods of the AI-driven personalized learning path, the innovation of teaching models, and their application prospects in educational reform. Meanwhile, the research also discussed the ethical issues of AI technology in education, data privacy protection, and its impact on the teacher-student relationship, and proposed corresponding solutions.