Hepatobiliary surgery is very common, and its operation is mainly based on the principle of human anatomy to carry out operations. In the actual operation, if there are no corresponding protective measures, it is easy to damage bile tract and bile duct, even biliary leakage complications will be caused after the surgery, and a certain effect will have on the patient's body and mind. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and treatment of biliary leakage on the basis of thinking on the causes of bile leakage, and it can reduce the chance of the complications. Therefore, this article mainly focuses on strengthening the analysis and discussion on the cause of biliary leakage after hepatobiliary surgery and the treatment of related aspects.