With the intensification of population aging in China, the problem of cognitive impairment in the elderly has become increasingly prominent, attracting widespread attention from all sectors of society. Geriatric cognitive impairment is characterized by chronicity, which not only seriously threatens the health of the elderly and reduces their quality of life, but also imposes a heavy burden on families and society due to its long course. Attaching importance to and strengthening the chronic disease management of elderly cognitive impairment has profound significance for delaying disease progression, improving patients’ quality of life, and reducing the burden of family care. Therefore, this paper first comprehensively understands elderly cognitive impairment by briefly elaborating on its definition and characteristics; on this basis, it focuses on exploring effective strategies for the chronic disease management of elderly cognitive impairment, hoping to provide new ideas and methods for the management of this condition and offer useful references for relevant clinical research and practice.