Due to the special anatomical location, complex functions, and significant impact on patients’ appearance and psychology, the treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors has always been a key and difficult issue in the field of head and neck surgery. With the rapid development of surgical technology, microsurgical reconstruction technology, perioperative management, and multidisciplinary treatment models, surgical treatment has occupied a core position in the comprehensive treatment system of oral and maxillofacial tumors. Based on this, this paper conducts research on the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors, expounds the optimization strategies of surgical treatment, and analyzes the clinical effects of the optimized surgical treatment, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors.