Objective: This study aims to explore the correlations between anxiety levels, family resilience, and hope levels in postoperative patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, providing a theoretical basis for reducing anxiety in postoperative patients. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 150 patients who underwent prostatic hyperplasia resection in our hospital from June 2024 to December 2025. The questionnaire included a general information questionnaire, an anxiety scale, a family resilience scale, and a hope level scale. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors influencing anxiety after prostatic hyperplasia surgery. Results: A total of 140 questionnaires were retrieved, with an effective recovery rate of 93.33%. Patients scored 51.71 ± 16.49 in anxiety level, 29.67 ± 10.44 in family resilience, and 29.67 ± 11.44 in hope level. Anxiety level was negatively correlated with erectile function (r = -0.379, p < 0.001). Negatively correlated with family resilience (r = -0.380, p < 0.001), negatively correlated with hope level (r = -0.476, p < 0.001), The results of multiple linear regression showed that age, chronic disease status, smoking status, family resilience, and hope level were factors influencing anxiety levels in patients after benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The anxiety level of patients after prostatic hyperplasia surgery is at a moderate level. The improvement of family resilience and hope level is of great significance in postoperative rehabilitation. It is recommended to strengthen psychological support and family intervention in clinical management, and pay attention to older patients, those with chronic diseases and smokers to improve the overall quality of life and treatment effect of patients.