Lower limb fractures are a prevalent clinical orthopedic condition, primarily caused by factors such as trauma and osteoporosis. Surgical treatment serves as the main intervention method; however, the postoperative rehabilitation of limb function is characterized by a lengthy and challenging process. Patients often experience suboptimal rehabilitation outcomes due to a lack of rehabilitation knowledge and insufficient compliance. The information asymmetry theory elucidates the information imbalance between doctors and patients resulting from disparities in professional knowledge. Collaborative decision-making nursing intervention effectively alleviates information asymmetry by establishing a mechanism for information sharing between doctors and patients, thereby fully mobilizing patients’ initiative in rehabilitation. This paper synthesizes relevant domestic and international research in recent years to summarize the application methods and implementation effects of collaborative decision-making nursing intervention based on information asymmetry theory in the postoperative limb functional rehabilitation of patients with lower limb fractures. It aims to provide theoretical references and practical evidence for optimizing clinical rehabilitation nursing models and enhancing rehabilitation quality following lower limb fracture surgery.