At present, the general public has limited knowledge of pharmaceutical products, which to a certain extent increases the risk of medication. Strengthening pharmaceutical science popularization education is particularly important for promoting rational drug use, reducing medication risks, and improving national health literacy. Based on this, this paper analyzes the current situation and main implementation models of pharmaceutical science popularization communication in China, reveals the prominent challenges faced, and explores specific countermeasures on this basis. It is expected to provide useful references for the high-quality development of China’s pharmaceutical science popularization cause and contribute to the construction of Healthy China.