Objective: To explore the implementation plan of the hierarchical nursing management model and its application effect in actual hospital work, and propose more effective and guaranteed management measures to provide reference for the improvement of modern medical and nursing service quality. Methods: Based on a controlled experiment, 68 nursing staff from our hospital from March 2024 to February 2025 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups with 34 cases in each group. The control group adopted conventional management, while the observation group implemented the hierarchical nursing management model to form a new working mode. Finally, their performance in work enthusiasm, nursing quality, as well as patient satisfaction and assessment scores were discussed. Results: The data of the observation group showed that it was superior to the control group in multiple indicator dimensions (patient satisfaction, work enthusiasm, work efficiency, nursing quality, and assessment scores), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In hospital nursing management work, there is an urgent need to implement modern and effective management models, and the hierarchical nursing management model is one of them. It has truly reversed the concept of nursing staff, making them realize the importance of maintaining work enthusiasm and fulfilling their duties. Moreover, through the penetration of modern management concepts, it has effectively improved the level of professional nursing services and patient satisfaction, and contributed to the harmony of doctor-patient relations.