Objective: To review the current research on internet-based multidisciplinary team (MDT) transitional care following microsurgical repair of hand trauma, analyze its mechanisms, implementation pathways, and outcomes, and provide a reference for clinical nursing practice. Methods: A keyword-based literature search was conducted in CNKI, Wanfang, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for articles published from January 2021 to the present, using terms including “internet technology”, “multidisciplinary team”, “transitional care”, “microsurgical repair of hand trauma”, and “postoperative rehabilitation”. Results: Thirty-three relevant studies were identified. Internet platforms effectively extended the temporal and spatial boundaries of postoperative care, overcoming the limitations of traditional inpatient nursing and reducing rehabilitation risks associated with inadequate patient knowledge after discharge. MDT integration of microsurgery, rehabilitation, psychology, and nutrition upgraded care from single-discipline to systematic team-based management, enhancing clinicians’ perception of patient status, improving patient engagement, and facilitating high-quality communication. Conclusion: MDT transitional care represents a key focus in postoperative rehabilitation after microsurgical repair of hand trauma. Future efforts should prioritize establishing standardized MDT collaboration mechanisms and intelligent information platforms to advance precision transitional care and meet individualized patient needs.