Objective: To analyze the application effect of supportive nursing intervention in patients receiving home enteral nutrition after esophageal cancer surgery. Methods: A total of 102 esophageal cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment at Taizhou Second People’s Hospital from November 2025 to March 2026 were selected and divided into a control group (conventional nursing intervention, 51 cases) and an observation group (supportive nursing intervention, 51 cases) based on different postoperative intervention plans. Both groups received interventions until 3 months after discharge. Nutritional status, cellular immune function, and the occurrence of adverse events were compared. Results: After the intervention, the nutritional status (Hb, ALB, PA, TRF) and cellular immune function (CD4⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺, CD8⁺) levels in both groups improved compared to those before the intervention, and the improvement in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group. The total incidence of enteral nutrition-related adverse events in the observation group was 1.96%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (13.73%) (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusion: Implementing supportive nursing intervention in patients receiving home enteral nutrition after esophageal cancer surgery can effectively improve their nutritional status, regulate cellular immune function, and reduce the risk of enteral nutrition-related adverse events such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, tube blockage, and reflux aspiration, demonstrating high clinical application value.