This paper summarizes the nursing experience in rescuing a patient who developed a severe circulatory collapse due to an exaggerated vagal reflex following posterior lumbar decompression, bone graft fusion, and internal fixation surgery. In response to this rapidly onset complication, the nursing team implemented proactive interventions: early warning monitoring based on multidimensional risk assessment and blocking pain management targeting key links in the “Baroreceptor-Vagal Reflex Arc“. When the patient experienced sudden cardiac arrest, seamless integration with the ICU and advanced life support were ensured within the “golden 2 minutes“ of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). After stabilization, the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol was individually adjusted based on evidence. Through systematic rescue and nursing, the patient achieved stable circulation without neurological sequelae and recovered successfully.