The emergency department is a department that is crucial for medical institutions. It is mainly responsible for rescuing critically ill patients and dealing with all kinds of public health emergencies. There are significant differences in the working environment and working mode between the nurses in emergency departments and those of other departments. They tend to come into contact with various occupational risk factors, resulting in high incidence of occupational hazards and accidental injuries. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the common occupational risk factors of nurses in the emergency department and propose protective measures to ensure that these nurses are able to provide nursing services safely and effectively.