The prevention and control of animal diseases is a critical factor influencing the sustainable development of animal husbandry and public health security. Its significance is undeniable. However, current challenges persist, such as an incomplete epidemic prevention system, a shortage of skilled epidemic prevention professionals, and insufficient dissemination of animal epidemic prevention knowledge, all of which hinder the quality of epidemic prevention and control efforts. This study examines the evolving trends in animal epidemic diseases, evaluates existing challenges in current prevention and control measures, and proposes strategies to address these issues. Recommended strategies include broadening publicity channels for animal epidemic prevention knowledge, improving the epidemic prevention management system, enhancing supervision and enforcement, refining monitoring and early warning mechanisms, and strengthening the development of epidemic prevention talent. To elevate the quality of animal disease prevention and control and improve the global competitiveness of China’s animal husbandry sector, it is also essential to strengthen international collaboration on epidemic prevention within the framework of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).