Objective: To analyze the influence of stage-specific enteral nutrition health education on the rehabilitation outcomes of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Methods: A total of 120 patients with UGIB, treated between August 2021 and August 2023, were randomly divided into two groups: the observation group and the control group. The control group received standard enteral nutrition nursing intervention, while the observation group received an additional stage-specific enteral nutrition health education intervention based on the control group’s method. The intervention status of the two groups was then evaluated. Results: Before the intervention, the serum hemoglobin levels of the two groups were comparable (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the nutritional indicators in the observation group improved significantly and were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the observation group had shorter bed activity times and hospitalization periods, a lower rate of abandonment of nutritional preparations, and a higher quality of life compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of stage-specific enteral nutrition health education in the treatment of patients with UGIB helps accelerate the rate of recovery, improve nutritional indexes, and enhance the quality of life of patients.