Objective: This study aims to investigate the influenza vaccination status of children aged 0–6 years in Changzhi City and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 228 randomly selected parents of children aged 0–6 in Changzhi City to investigate the children’s influenza vaccination status. Results: (1) A total of 217 valid questionnaires were collected in this survey, with a response rate of 95.2%. (2) The results showed that the main reasons affecting children’s influenza vaccination were, in order, worrying about the safety of the influenza vaccine, believing that influenza vaccination was not necessary, and not knowing the time of the vaccination. (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with children aged 0–2 years old, those aged 2–4 years old (OR = 0.121, 95% CI = 0.032–0.301) and 4–6 years old (OR = 0.385, 95% CI = 0.228–0.530) had lower cumulative influenza vaccination rates. Compared to the group with parental awareness of flu vaccines, the moderate awareness group (OR = 2.319, 95% CI = 1.527–3.015) and the high awareness group (OR = 2.932, 95% CI = 1.598–4.966) exhibited higher cumulative influenza vaccination rates among children. Parents acquire knowledge about influenza and its vaccines through vaccination centers (OR = 1.396, 95% CI = 1.049–2.050) and doctors (OR = 1.763, 95% CI = 1.291–2.774), which serves as a facilitating factor for influenza vaccination among 0–6-year-old children in Changzhi urban area. Conclusion: The age of the child, parental knowledge of the influenza vaccine, and parental communication with the vaccination center and the physician at the visit were the main influencing factors for influenza vaccination.