With the development and popularization of modern medicine, the importance of daily hospital infection management has been continuously enhanced, making it a key approach to improving hospital safety standards and safeguarding patients’ lives. This paper explores the core connotation of the “Preventive Treatment of Diseases” concept in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and integrates it into the practice of modern hospital infection management. On one hand, it analyzes the current dilemmas in daily hospital infection management from dimensions such as frequent personnel flow, difficulties in disinfection and isolation, risks of antimicrobial abuse, and limited awareness of medical staff. On the other hand, it proposes the application scope of TCM’s “Preventive Treatment of Diseases” concept from aspects including preventive culture, environmental infection control, early warning mechanisms, and health education. Based on this, a more forward-looking, systematic, and humanistic hospital infection management system is constructed to achieve the transformation from passive response to active intervention.