Analysis of Complications in Preterm Infants with Twin and Singleton of Different Gestational Ages

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Abstract

This study aimed to compare the complications of preterm twins versus singletons and analyze differences across gestational ages. Preterm twins delivered between 2 March 2022 and 6 November 2022 were compared to an age-matched control group of singletons, involving 65 twins and 103 singletons. The most common complication in premature infants was neonatal jaundice (87.72%), followed by patent foramen ovale (79.76%) and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) (57.14%). Twins had significantly higher Apgar scores at 1, 5, and 10 minutes compared to singletons. However, twins showed a higher incidence of ventricular septal defect (VSD) (7.69%) than singletons, with a statistically significant difference. In contrast, twins exhibited significantly lower rates of neonatal jaundice (78.46%), electrolyte imbalance (18.4%), and acid-base imbalance (9.23%) compared to singletons. Furthermore, as gestational age increased, the incidence of intrauterine infection, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, neonatal coagulation disorders, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), anemia, and NRDS in preterm infants gradually decreased, with all differences reaching statistical significance (P < 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of close monitoring and timely management of complications in premature infants to prevent severe outcomes.

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