Objective: To explore the effect of applying safety culture construction in nursing management of infectious disease areas. Methods: During the one-year period from January 2024 to December 2024, patients admitted to the infectious disease area of our hospital were randomly selected for the study. 92 patients were divided into two groups using a computerized double-blind method for intervention. The control group received routine nursing management, while the observation group applied safety culture construction management. The effects of nursing management in the two groups were studied and compared. Results: Before management, the nursing management quality scores of the two groups were evaluated, showing little difference in various scores, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Through the implementation of nursing management, the scores of the two groups were significantly improved, and the observation group had significantly higher scores compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Compared to the incidence of nursing risk events, the observation group (6.52%) was significantly lower than the control group (30.43%), and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The observation group had significantly higher satisfaction scores for nursing skills, health education, service attitude, and professionalism compared to the control group, indicating patient satisfaction with safety culture construction (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Applying safety culture construction in nursing management of infectious disease areas has a preventive effect on nursing risk events and is beneficial for improving patients’ risk cognition level.