Study on the Immune Activity of Mice In Vitro and In Vivo with Nano-Material Adjuvant

© 2025 by the Authors. Licensee Whioce Publishing, Singapore. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

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Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of graphene quantum dots and mesoporous silica as nanomaterial adjuvants on immune activity in mice both in vitro and in vivo. The two materials have distinct properties; graphene quantum dots possess unique optical and electrical characteristics, while mesoporous silica features a regular pore structure. In vitro experiments show differences in their effects on immune cell activation and cytokine secretion; in vivo experiments reveal varying performances in antibody production and immune cell function regulation. Their mechanisms of action and safety profiles also differ, offering distinct advantages in application prospects. These two nanomaterial adjuvants provide new directions for the development of immunology, warranting further exploration.

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