Objective: To explore the effects of problem-oriented nursing on self-efficacy and compliance behavior of patients undergoing coronary intervention.  Methods: Seventy patients who underwent coronary intervention in a hospital from March 2024 to February 2025 were selected and divided into the control group (n=35) and the observation group (n=35) by using the randomized numeric table method. The control group implemented conventional clinical care, and the observation group was given problem-oriented nursing intervention on the basis of conventional care. The self-efficacy, negative psychological state, medical compliance behavior, and quality of life improvement of patients in the two groups were compared. Results: Before nursing intervention, the difference in the scores of patients’ role function, symptom management, emotion management, nurse-patient communication and exchange and other dimensions between the control group and the observation group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). After nursing intervention, the scores of all indexes of the two groups were significantly higher, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Before nursing intervention, the difference in the scores of patients’ anxiety and depression status between the control group and the observation group was not statistical significance (P > 0.05). However, after nursing intervention, the negative psychological state of the two groups improved significantly, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The total excellent rate of patients’ compliance behavior in the observation group was 97.14%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group, which was 74.29%, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The patients of the observation group had a higher psychological state, social function, physical condition, emotional condition and other dimension scores of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of problem-oriented nursing care for patients undergoing coronary intervention can not only significantly improve their self-efficacy and enhance their compliance behavior, but also positively improve their negative emotions of anxiety and depression, and improve their quality of life.