Stroke, as an acute cerebrovascular disease, is characterized by high incidence, high mortality, and high disability rate, thus attracting great attention from the medical community. Medication literacy, on the other hand, is an active, comprehensive, and sustainable concept of health management, which includes the learning of health knowledge and the guidelines for healthy behaviors, and directly affects the treatment effect and health safety of patients. This paper conducts an in-depth study on the current research status of medication literacy in stroke patients, analyzes its influencing factors, and explores specific intervention strategies from multiple perspectives, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for improving patients’ medication management ability and optimizing clinical prognosis.