Esophageal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors worldwide, and nutritional support during its treatment is of great significance for improving patients’ quality of life and treatment outcomes. This paper aims to explore the application effect of full-course nutritional management in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Using a randomized controlled trial design, patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group in a 1:1 ratio. The experimental group received full-course nutritional management, while the control group received routine care. Statistical analysis showed that the degree of weight loss in the experimental group after radiotherapy was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), the improvement in nutritional status was more obvious, and the incidence of radiotherapy-related adverse reactions was also significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). It can be seen that full-course nutritional management can effectively improve the nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy, reduce radiotherapy adverse reactions, and enhance patients’ quality of life and treatment effects ^[1]. It has important clinical application value and is worthy of promotion in clinical practice.