This paper focuses on the key role and practical paths of operating room nurses in infection control, and studies the difficult problems in the prevention and control of surgical site infections. Analyze the infection risk links in the operating room and the core responsibilities of nurses, reveal the multiple role mechanisms of nurses in infection control, design practical strategies from dimensions such as process optimization, skill improvement, and monitoring feedback, and construct an infection control system involving all staff. Research shows that operating room nurses can effectively reduce the risk of infection, improve medical quality, provide core guarantees for patient safety, and promote the transformation of operating room infection control towards refined management through practical actions such as standardized operation execution, real-time risk monitoring, and team collaboration supervision.