Depression is the most common mental disorder among perinatal women, with its incidence showing an annual increasing trend. Depression poses severe harms to the health of mothers and infants, thus requiring high attention from perinatal women themselves, their families, and society. Studies have shown that there are numerous influencing factors for depression in perinatal women, the most common of which include place of residence, monthly family income, recent appetite, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law relationship, personal history of anxiety and depression, obstetric complications during pregnancy, fear of childbirth, utilization of support, positive coping, and susceptible personality. Based on empirical research, this paper conducts an in-depth study and discussion on the current status of depression and its influencing factors in perinatal women, aiming to provide a basis for formulating scientific and effective preventive and intervention measures, and to contribute modestly to effectively reducing the adverse impact of depression on the physical and mental health of mothers and infants.