Objective: To quantitatively analyze global research trends on the gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease (CVD) from 2005–2025, identifying publication output, core themes, influential articles, and emerging research hotspots. Methods: We retrieved publications related to gut microbiota and CVD from 2005–2025 using standard bibliographic databases. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate annual output growth, leading journals, country and institutional contributions, author collaborations, citation networks, and keyword co-occurrence patterns. Descriptive statistics and visualization tools were used to map the developmental trajectory and research hotspots of this field. Results: The analysis included a sharp rise in publications over the past two decades, with especially rapid growth after 2015. Collaborative networks highlighted a few key countries and research centers driving the field. Highly cited papers clustered around themes such as microbiota-derived metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide, inflammation, and the “gut-heart axis.” Keyword analysis indicated evolving focus from early descriptive studies to recent mechanistic and clinical translational research. Conclusion: Research linking gut microbiota and CVD has expanded exponentially in 2005–2025, transitioning from correlation studies to mechanistic and therapeutic explorations. The bibliometric trends underscore the gut-heart axis as an emerging interdisciplinary domain in cardiovascular research, with potential to inform novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.