The decomposition performance of variational mode decomposition (VMD) on natural gas pipeline leakage pressure signals is highly sensitive to the subjective selection of its key parameters: the number of modes K and the penalty factor α. To address this issue, this paper proposes an enhanced sparrow search algorithm (SSA) that integrates sine/cosine searching and Cauchy mutation strategies, referred to as SCSSA, for optimizing the VMD parameter combination. Experimental results demonstrate that the SCSSA-optimized VMD method significantly outperforms denoising approaches based on the standard SSA and particle swarm optimization (PSO) in optimizing VMD parameters. Specifically, the proposed method achieves a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a lower root mean square error (RMSE) in the denoised signal, effectively enhancing the denoising performance.