Two-Dimensional Material Multifunctional Integrated Devices for Intelligent Sensing Systems: From Basic Sensing to Neuromorphic Computing

© 2026 by the Authors. Licensee Whioce Publishing, Singapore. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

Download PDF

Cite

XML

HTML

Abstract

Intelligent sensing systems are the core of the Internet of Things and human-computer interaction, and there is an urgent need for multi-functional integration, low power consumption, and miniaturization of devices. Two-dimensional materials provide an ideal platform for the integration of sensing, energy storage, and computing. This article reviews the latest progress in multifunctional integrated devices based on two-dimensional materials in sensing, micro energy storage and neuromorphic computing, analyzes the integrated applications driven by the intrinsic properties of materials, explores device co-design strategies, refines the “structure-material-algorithm” innovation paradigm, and looks forward to challenges and directions.

References

Cui H, Tang T, Liu H, 2025, A Review of Intelligent Self-Powered Sensing Systems Enabling Autonomous AIoT. AI Sensors, 2(1).

Ray T, Choi J, Bandodkar A, et al., 2019, Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Chemical Reviews, 119 (8): 5461–5533.

Ates H, Nguyen P, Gonzalez-Macia L, et al., 2022, End-to-End Design of Wearable Sensors. Nature Reviews Materials, 7(11): 887–907.

Matsubara Y, Levorato M, Restuccia F, 2022, Split Computing and Early Exiting for Deep Learning Applications: Survey and Research Challenges. ACM Computing Surveys, 55(5): 1–30.

Hernández-Torres G, Sánchez-Delacruz E, 2025, Challenges and Opportunities of Ambient Intelligence in the 21st Century, 18(4): 80.

Qi W, Xu X, Qian K, et al., 2025, A Review of AIoT-Based Human Activity Recognition. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 29(4): 2425–2438.

Heo J, Hossain M, Kim I, 2020, Flexible/Stretchable Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring. Sensors, 20(14).

Kim K, Zhao Y, Jang H, et al., 2009, Large-Scale Pattern Growth of Graphene Films for Stretchable Transparent Electrodes. Nature, 457(7230): 706–710.

Balandin A, Ghosh S, Bao W, et al., 2008, Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene. Nano Letters, 8(3): 902–907.

Chen D, Li Y, Tang X, et al., 2025, Novel Optoelectronic Reconfigurable Transistors Based on Graphene/VO2 Heterojunction for Efficient Neuromorphic Perception. Advanced Science, 12 (46): e13429.

Novoselov K, Mishchenko A, Carvalho A, et al., 2016, 2D Materials and van der Waals Heterostructures. Science, 353(6298): aac9439.

Liu Y, Weiss N, Duan X, et al., 2016, Van der Waals Heterostructures and Devices. Nature Reviews Materials, 1(9): 16042.

Jariwala D, Marks T, Hersam M, 2017, Mixed-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures. Nature Nanotechnology, 16(2): 170–178.

Sun Y, He W, Jiang C, et al., 2025, Wearable Biodevices based on Two-Dimensional Materials. Nano-Micro Letters, 17(1).

Liu Y, Wang X, Liu P, et al., 2025, Two-Dimensional Materials in Flexible Antistatic Fields. Materials Today Physics, 2025(57).

Li Y, Chen D, Tang X, et al., 2026, Sensilla Trichoidea-Inspired Vibration Perception based on Monolayer Graphene. Nanomicro Letters, 18(1): 190.

Wang Y, Sun Q, Wang Z, 2025, Piezotronics and Tribotronics of 2D Materials. Materials Science & Engineering R-Reports, 2025(164).

Wu Z, Niu F, Chen D, et al., 2025, Phase Transformation of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials. Science China-Materials, 68(1): 65–85.

Qian Z, Jiao L, Xie L, 2020, Phase Engineering of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 38(7): 753–760.

Cui Y, Song J, Zhao W, et al., 2025, Research Progress on Two-Dimensional Material Broad-Spectrum Photodetectors, 74(22): 228503.

Zeng L, Olsson E, 2026, Control of Structural Disorder in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. npj 2D Materials and Applications, 10(1).

Yao X, Gao C, Pan M, et al., 2025, A Flexible Bionic Bimodal Sensor with Distinguishing Temperature and Humidity Signals. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025(526).

Wu Y, Li D, Wu C, et al., 2023, Electrostatic Gating and Intercalation in 2D Materials. Nature Reviews Materials, 8(1): 41–53.

Bhardwaj R, Pumera M, 2025, Surface-Engineered 2D Nanomaterials in Gas Sensors. Small, 21(34).

Shi Q, Tian M, Yang Q, et al., 2025, Progress in In-Sensor Calculation and Application of Two-Dimensional Material Optoelectronic Devices. 2025(74).

You Q, Gao C, Pan M, et al., 2025, A Seamlessly Integrated Device of Wireless Energy Storage and Humidity Sensing. Small, 21(13): e2501122.

Saeed G, Kang T, Byun J, et al., 2024, 2D Materials for 3D Printed Micro-Supercapacitors, 4(3).

Ko J, Ock C, Gim H, et al., 2025, Two-Dimensional Materials for Artificial Sensory Devices. npj 2D Materials and Applications, 9(1).

Tan T, Xu Q, Feng X, 2025, The Rise of Two-Dimensional Materials based Memtransistors, 2025(100170).

Zhang G, Luo Q, Yao J, et al., 2025, All-in-One Neuromorphic Hardware with 2D Material Technology. Chemical Society Reviews, 54(18).

Zhao B, Xin Z, Wang Y, et al., 2025, Bioinspired Gas-Receptor Synergistic Interaction for 2D Neuromorphic Devices. Matter, 8(4).

Huang Y, Wang W, Li Y, et al., 2025, Two-Dimensional Ferroelectric Synaptic Devices. Nanoscale, 17(39): 22763–22794.

Yang Z, Zhang Z, Huo S, et al., 2025, Emerging 2D Material-Based Synaptic Devices, 6 (2): e70005.

Chittibabu S, Chintagumpala K, 2023, Evolution of 2D Materials Conducive to the Wearable Physical Sensors for Structural Health Assessment. Microelectronic Engineering, 2023(276).

Previous article in this issue

Next article in this issue