In this work, the Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model within Data Envelopment Analysis was employed to establish a set of indicators for evaluating the energy efficiency of manufacturing workshops. The energy efficiency of 12 Company CW’s manufacturing workshops from 2016 to 2022 was assessed. The findings indicated that aside from a few workshops operating at the production frontier, the rest exhibit significant fluctuations in energy efficiency and generally low energy efficiency. Subsequently, a combined GRA-Tobit analysis model was introduced to identify factors influencing the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops. Regression analysis revealed that technological investments, employee quality, workshop production scale, investment in clean energy, and the level of pollution control all significantly impact the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops. By evaluating the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops and studying their influencing factors, this research aids company managers in understanding the energy efficiency of the manufacturing process. It optimizes the combination of various production elements, thereby offering effective guidance for improving the energy efficiency issues of the company’s manufacturing workshops, which can contribute to enhancing the corporation’s overall energy efficiency.