To promote energy conservation, emission reduction, and sustainable development in thermal power enterprises, this study conducted a detailed analysis of the problems existing in measurement management in these enterprises and explored targeted solutions. The analysis found that, faced with increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements and urgent needs to improve energy efficiency, thermal power enterprises must address the current issues in energy measurement management. They should actively respond to the national call for energy conservation and emission reduction, continuously optimize energy measurement management processes, improve energy utilization efficiency, reduce unnecessary energy consumption and emissions, and lay a solid foundation for the green transformation and sustainable development of the industry.