With the development of our country’s social economy, the construction scale of water conservancy project has had an obvious expansion. In the construction of water conservancy projects, certain impacts on the surrounding water and soil conditions are inevitable. These impacts may lead to problems such as soil erosion, which can directly affect local production, livelihoods, and the natural ecological environment on which people depend. In severe cases, such issues may even hinder the progress and quality of the water conservancy project itself. Therefore, in the construction of water conservancy projects, soil and water conservation work is extremely important. Based on this, this paper mainly aimed at the prevention and control of water and soil conservation of water conservancy projects launched the relevant analysis and research.