Historical streets and alleys not only carry the urban spatial memory and regional cultural characteristics, but also face practical problems such as building aging, weak facilities, functional decline, and insufficient living environment quality. Under the guidance of protection, micro-renovation emphasizes promoting the renewal of historical streets and alleys through small-scale, gradual, and low-intervention methods, achieving the coordinated unity of style protection, functional improvement, and community vitality reformation. This paper, from the perspective of urban renewal, analyzes the connotation characteristics, basic principles, and practical paths of historical street and alley protection and micro-renovation, and proposes that the renewal practice should be systematically advanced from aspects such as spatial texture restoration, infrastructure improvement, cultural exploration and inheritance, business optimization, and community creation. On the basis of continuing the historical cultural heritage, the livability, accessibility, and public nature of the streets and alleys should be enhanced, providing practical references for the protection and renewal of historical streets and alleys.