Against the backdrop of advancing the “dual carbon” goals and the growing urgency of building energy conservation needs, shading technology, as a key means to regulate the indoor light-thermal environment of buildings and reduce building energy consumption, is of great significance for improving the comprehensive performance of buildings. This paper systematically reviews the impacts of shading technologies on building performance, defining the research scope to cover four core dimensions: performance evaluation indicators of shading technologies, testing methods, energy-saving characteristics, and impacts on architectural design and aesthetics. Research shows that dynamic external shading and comprehensive external shading have significant energy-saving advantages, while internal shading and intermediate shading have wide adaptability. The energy-saving effect of various shading technologies is closely related to climate zone characteristics and component materials. This paper also points out the current deficiencies of shading technologies and looks forward to the future development direction of green low-carbon, intelligent and efficient. This review can provide theoretical support and practical reference for building energy-saving design, shading product research and development, and the formulation of relevant standards, helping the construction industry achieve green and low-carbon transformation.