As a concealed project, the bearing characteristics and construction quality of highway bridge pile foundations directly determine the safety and durability of bridge structures. However, there are still problems in the current pile foundation construction, such as poor geological adaptability, lax control of process parameters, and outdated detection methods, resulting in insufficient bearing capacity and frequent quality hazards. This article refers to the standardized academic paper architecture, systematically analyzes the load transfer mechanism and bearing characteristics evolution law of pile foundations, constructs a quality control system guided by bearing mechanisms, with process control as the core and dynamic detection as the guarantee, proposes the implementation path from “experience construction” to “data-driven construction”, studies the control methods of key links such as geological exploration, pore forming technology, concrete pouring, integrity testing, etc., aiming to provide theoretical and practical support for improving the construction quality and optimizing the bearing performance of highway bridge pile foundations.