Urban public building spaces involve various aspects of people’s daily activities and interactions, making the rationality and scientific nature of the design of these spaces crucial. This article first discusses the role and impact of digitization in the design of public building spaces, covering aspects such as digital design methods, visual expression and presentation, augmented reality’s spatial interaction experience, and integrated design and construction. Following that, it analyzes the process of digitized urban public building space design by exploring topics like digital space design and modeling, visual representation of digital spaces, digital performance analysis of spaces, and the integration of digital projects. This article aims to provide insights and references for urban public building space design in the digital era.