Construction engineering plays a vital role in urban development, especially as the pace of modern progress continues to accelerate. The widespread use of energy-saving and green environmental protection building materials in this field not only brings convenience to daily life but also promotes the scientific, sustainable, and stable development of construction projects. These materials significantly extend the service life of buildings while supporting environmental protection efforts. This paper explores the practical application value of energy-saving and environmentally friendly building materials in construction engineering, outlines the key application principles, and analyzes their specific types and usage requirements. The aim is to provide a valuable reference for future research and practical implementation.