This paper conducts practical research on the application of steel fiber reinforced concrete construction technology in road and bridge engineering. The study emphasized in its core advantages of tensile strength, impact resistance, fatigue resistance and high toughness, and introduces its applications in scenarios such as bridge deck pavement, expansion joints and tunnel opening sections. The key points of construction techniques such as material ratio and fiber selection, mixing, pouring and vibration, as well as quality control difficulties and solutions such as steel fiber dispersion, shrinkage cracks and temperature control was analyzed. The development trends of intelligent material research and development and automated construction technology, and propose application suggestions for engineering design and construction management was discussed in this study, which can serve as a reference to improve the quality of road and bridge engineering.