With the continuous advancement of the construction of new liberal arts disciplines and the ongoing cultural exchanges between China and ASEAN, regional musicology has emerged as a new research direction in music education abroad. Currently, Southeast Asian traditional music courses in domestic universities generally suffer from problems such as a lack of national context, generalized and singular content, teaching divorced from regional culture, and rigid assessment models. This paper takes regional musicology as its core theoretical support and conducts research from three dimensions: the theoretical foundation of the discipline, the value of curriculum development, and practical implementation paths. It proposes concrete implementation measures from three aspects: curriculum content, teaching models, and assessment, deeply integrating regional culture with the teaching of Southeast Asian music itself. The research aims to optimize existing teaching models for overseas music courses, address the shortcomings in national culture, help universities cultivate compound art talents with both musical literacy and regional awareness, and provide feasible references for cross-cultural music education exchanges between China and Southeast Asia.