Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the gastric mucosal epithelium. It mainly occurs in people over 50 years old. With the increasing work pressure, Helicobacter pylori infection, and other factors, gastric cancer patients are also getting younger. Gastric cancer has no obvious symptoms in its early stages. Therefore, gastric cancer patients are often diagnosed at the middle and late stages of the disease. The prognosis and survival rate of gastric patients are not ideal. Therefore, prevention should be taken for people who are at risk of getting gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori is a significant cause of the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. The bacterium produces various virulence factors, triggering the Correa cascade reaction, ultimately culminating in the development of gastric cancer. Clinically, it is believed that eradication of Helicobacter pylori can reverse precancerous lesions of the stomach and therefore prevent gastric cancer, but it has not been confirmed yet. This article explores explicitly the research progress on eradicating Helicobacter pylori in the context of gastric cancer prevention.