Objective: To understand the psychological dilemmas, emotional responses and caregiving experiences faced by family primary caregivers of patients undergoing brain tumour surgery in the process of caregiving, to explore problems in caregiving, and to provide a basis for the development of effective caregiving strategies and support measures. Methods: A phenomenological research method was used to interview the family primary caregivers of the enrolled 31 patients undergoing brain tumour surgery, and to analyze their emotional coping deficits, disease management experiences and social support needs during the patients’ perioperative period and in family caregiving. Discussion: The study found that caregivers’ caregiving experiences and emotional responses at different stages of patients’ illnesses were personal emotional coping deficits, lack of experience in disease management and urgent social support needs. Conclusion: Understanding the caregiving experience and emotional responses of family caregivers of patients undergoing brain tumour surgery helps caregivers better identify the psychological dilemmas and needs faced by caregivers during the caregiving process, which in turn helps them develop personalized emotional support, professional knowledge training and skills guidance, and has a positive clinical impact on facilitating the smooth adaptation of the primary caregiver’s role change, reducing the burden of caregiving, enhancing caregiving confidence and competence. It has positive clinical application value to promote family primary caregivers to adapt to the role change smoothly, reduce the burden of caregiving, enhance the confidence and ability of caregiving and improve the patients’ therapeutic effect and life quality.