HIV/AIDS-related tumors represent a significant challenge in the global public health arena. This article systematically elaborates on the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment strategies, as well as prevention and control measures of HIV/AIDS-related tumors. The HIV virus causes immune deficiency by attacking CD4+ T lymphocytes, significantly increasing the risk of tumor development. Common types include Kaposi’s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and invasive cervical cancer. Clinical diagnosis and treatment need to comprehensively consider the treatment of the tumor itself and immune reconstitution, adopting a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and highly active antiretroviral therapy. In terms of prevention and control, the focus should be on primary prevention, including HIV screening, early diagnosis and treatment, and regular tumor screening, to reduce the disease burden and improve patient prognosis.