Abnormal Protein Structure Characterization Based on Proteomics and Its Application in Disease Diagnosis

© 2026 by the Authors. Licensee Whioce Publishing, Singapore. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

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Abstract

As the key agents of biological processes, proteins’ functionality is closely tied to the integrity of their spatial structure. Structural abnormalities can lead to protein dysfunction, which, in consequence, may induce a variety of diseases. Proteomics focuses on the entire proteome. The combination of high-throughput detection techniques and bioinformatics analysis has opened up new possibilities for characterising abnormal protein structures. It also provides a crucial molecular basis for the early diagnosis, classification and prognosis assessment of diseases. This review summarises the core proteomics techniques used to characterise abnormal protein structures. It focuses on the distinguishing features of such structures in fields such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and metabolic disorders, as well as their diagnostic applications, and provides a reference for proteomics-based research into abnormal proteins and the precise diagnosis of diseases.

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