Objective: To compare the clinical effect of complete thoracoscopic segmentectomy and pulmonary lobectomy for pulmonary nodules. Methods: In this study, 176 patients with pulmonary nodules were treated in Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to June 2021; according to the type of surgery, the patients were divided into group A (complete thoracoscopic segmentectomy) and group B (complete thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy), and the clinical effects were analyzed. Results: The intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, postoperative hospitalization days, and lung function of patients in group A were significantly better than those in group B (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the number of dissected lymph nodes. Conclusion: The clinical effect of complete thoracoscopic segmentectomy for patients with small pulmonary nodules is more significant; it does not only ensure lymph node dissection, but also improve surgical-related indicators and treatment safety as well as speed up the recovery of pulmonary function. Its clinical application value is worthy of key analysis by medical institutions.