Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and complication rates of different stone fragmentation techniques in the treatment of kidney stones. Methods: This study selected 100 patients with urinary stones treated at the Third Division General Hospital from 2021 to November 2023 as subjects. The control group (n = 50) received conventional percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for stone fragmentation, while the research group (n = 50) received super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) treatment. Surgical parameters, stone clearance rates, recurrence rates, and complication rates were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the surgical parameters in the research group were significantly better than those in the control group. The research group had a higher stone clearance rate and lower rates of stone recurrence and complications (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with conventional PCNL, SMP shows better clinical outcomes for patients with kidney stones. It improves surgical parameters, increases stone clearance rates, and reduces both stone recurrence and complication rates, making it a valuable technique for clinical reference.