This paper systematically elucidates the application of plasma technology in cancer treatment, including its principles, case studies, comparative advantages over traditional methods, challenges, and countermeasures. Plasma technology targets and eliminates cancer cells with precision through physical, chemical, and immune-regulatory mechanisms, offering high accuracy and low side effects. International applications include plasma scalpels in the United States, combined chemotherapy and low-temperature plasma therapy in Russia, and plasma-targeted capture technology in China. However, plasma technology faces technical hurdles and clinical application barriers, requiring interdisciplinary collaboration and industry-academia-research cooperation to advance its development.