This study focuses on the risks associated with the on-balance sheet recognition of data resources. At the legal level, disputes over ownership often arise due to unclear data property rights, while privacy protection, cybersecurity, and cross-border data flows create additional compliance challenges. In terms of recognition, the subjectivity of traditional valuation methods, the lack of active markets, and the rapid depreciation of data value caused by technological iteration hinder reliable measurement. With respect to disclosure, organizations face a dilemma between transparency and confidentiality. Collectively, these issues exacerbate audit risks. It is therefore imperative to establish an appropriate legal, accounting, and auditing framework to mitigate such risks and remove barriers to the proper recognition of data assets on balance sheets.