This paper explores the application of blockchain in Hainan’s supply chain finance, analyzing its impact on enhancing market transparency, optimizing processes, and addressing challenges like information asymmetry and inefficient credit transmission. It examines technical and security issues such as scalability and cross-chain interoperability, proposing solutions like layered architectures and privacy computing. The study highlights blockchain’s role in empowering cross-border trade, tropical agriculture, and SME financing, aiming to provide a reference for Hainan Free Trade Port’s financial digital transformation.