This study constructs a logistics resilience measurement model to investigate the formation mechanism of cross-border e-commerce logistics resilience under public health emergencies, with a focus on examining the resilience characteristics of logistics delivery timeliness and its spatio-temporal evolution patterns. The findings indicate that public health emergencies have caused significant impacts on global cross-border e-commerce logistics resilience, with logistics delivery timeliness exhibiting characteristics of an “attenuation wave,” undergoing three typical stages: rapid decline, gradual recovery, and systematic improvement. The analysis results show that among the many factors affecting logistics resilience, structural factors such as logistics network node centrality and connection number are the most critical, followed by the severity of public health emergencies, while the role of the overall development level of the logistics industry and prevention and control measures is relatively limited. These findings reveal the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of logistics resilience, and indicate that large-scale parcel volumes and complex route layouts can easily lead to resource allocation pressure and operational efficiency decline.